A rotator cuff tear is a common injury that involves damage to the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. The rotator cuff is composed of four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) and their respective tendons. These structures work together to facilitate shoulder movement and maintain joint stability.

Rotator cuff tears can be classified into two main types:

• Partial Tear: This occurs when the tendon is damaged but not completely severed. It may involve fraying or a partial break in the tendon.
• Full-Thickness Tear: This occurs when the tendon is completely torn from the bone. It can be the result of acute trauma or degenerative changes over time.

Causes of Rotator Cuff Tears:

• Trauma: A sudden injury, such as a fall, direct blow, or lifting a heavy object, can cause a rotator cuff tear.
• Degeneration: The tendons of the rotator cuff can degenerate over time, especially with aging. Chronic overuse or repetitive overhead activities can contribute to this degeneration.
• Impingement: Impingement of the rotator cuff tendons between the bones of the shoulder can lead to wear and tear, making them more susceptible to tearing.

Symptoms of Rotator Cuff Tears:

• Pain: Persistent pain in the shoulder, especially when lifting or lowering the arm.
• Weakness: Weakness in the affected arm, particularly when lifting or rotating it.
• Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty in moving the arm, particularly reaching overhead or behind the back.
• Crepitus: A crackling or popping sensation during shoulder movement.